ABCP Perfusion Basic Science (PBSE) Practice Exam

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• What is the purpose of the venous reservoir vent in CPB?
• What is the primary purpose of left ventricular venting during deairing at the end of CPB?
• Which of the following is a major neurological complication reported with ECMO?
• During CPB, rising lactate indicates what?
• Which of the following best describes the protamine dose relative to heparin in reversal?
• Factor X is in what pathway?
• Which expression correctly gives drainage time in seconds given volume in mL and flow in L/min?
• When used on CPB, chlorpromazine (Thorazine) does what?
• What primarily determines systemic oxygen delivery (DO2) during CPB?
• In sickle cell, O2 consumption
• The maximum digoxin dose is given by which route?
• Hyperaldosteronism involves excessive production of which hormone?
• Which value best describes a normal SvO2 range?
• Which factors should guide drug dosing during CPB?
• What is a major complication of the hyperbaric chamber?
• Among common plasma proteins, which is present in the lowest concentration?
• How is heparin reversal performed and why is protamine dosing important?
• Sickle cell O2 consumption
• Which repair carries the greatest risk of heart block?
• For VA neoECMO, a common cannulation combination is which pair of vessels?
• What is the primary aim of antifibrinolytics during CPB-related coagulopathy?
• Which renal structure is impermeable to water, allowing urine concentration to be achieved elsewhere in the nephron?
• Which is a common cause of poor venous drainage during cardiopulmonary bypass and how is it corrected?
• In hemodynamics, turbulence occurs when Reynolds number exceeds?
• Ebstein's anomaly not associated with pulmonary stenosis.
• How should DO2 and SvO2 trends be interpreted during CPB?
• Halothane (flurothane) causes which cardiovascular effect?
• What is the most common extracellular anion?
• Chlorpromazine's effect on CPB vascular tone is which?
• Which gland region produces catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine?
• Endocardial cushion defect type III is AV canal.
• What percentage of people are Rh positive?
• Hyperaldosteronism is characterized by excessive production of which hormone?
• In complete bypass, intercardiac venous return is significantly contributed by which veins?
• Leukocytes are ____ compared to platelets.
• How is arterial oxygen content CaO2 calculated?
• How does CPB affect electrolytes, particularly potassium and calcium?
• In CPB circuit, which complement component gets activated leading to inflammatory response?
• What are signs of venous line obstruction during CPB?
• Prostaglandins are used to maintain patency of which structure in neonates?
• What complement factor is activated by the CPB circuit?
• Blood becomes turbulent when Reynolds number exceeds which value?
• Which drug is used to treat hypertensive episodes?
• Sufentanil potency relative to fentanyl?
• How much Na+ is intracellular?
• During CPB, which actions are taken to target PaO2 and PaCO2 while maintaining acid-base balance?
• How does CPB priming contribute to hemodilution and what is RAP?
• During ultrafiltration, which component is not filtered into the filtrate?
• What acid-base changes are typically seen during CPB and how are they managed?
• Which component of blood determines the majority of plasma oncotic pressure?
• How does cardioplegia temperature affect myocardial protection?
• pH stat temperature correction is used to interpret blood gas results by accounting for which variable?
• When dosing drugs during CPB, what considerations are essential due to altered pharmacokinetics?
• What is the significance of base deficit and lactate measurements during CPB?
• On CPB, which drug is a beta blocker that can cause vasodilation?
• On CPB and clamped down, which beta blocker will vasodilate?
• What is the role of glucose management during CPB?
• Epinephrine and norepinephrine are produced by which region of the adrenal gland?
• The rate of oxygen transfer in the system is reported as what percentage by volume?
• Severe hypoglycemia in children can cause which of the following?
• What are typical intraoperative transfusion triggers in CPB?
• Which agent is NOT used to reduce CPB bleeding by inhibiting plasminogen activation?
• Chlorpromazine brand name used in CPB context?
• What is the most important source of oncotic pressure in plasma?
• What is the purpose of retrograde autologous priming (RAP) in CPB?
• pH stat temperature correction adjusts blood gas values for which parameter?
• What are VA neoECMO cannulation sites?
• The maximum digoxin dose corresponds to which mg value?
• IABP use is contradicted with which condition?
• Alpha stat measurement at constant 37C and is used more with
• What is the ACT target during CPB and what does ACT measure?
• Along the renal pathway which portion is impermeable to water?
• What is the irreversible cause of death after left heart bypass (LHB)?
• How do tranexamic acid and aminocaproic acid reduce CPB bleeding?
• Which is the most comprehensive single marker of adequate myocardial recovery after CPB separation?
• Which repair has the greatest risk of heart block?
• O2 saturation is based on or affected by which parameter?
• Explain pH-stat and alpha-stat strategies and their cerebral effects.
• What is the difference between mild hypothermia and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) in CPB?
• Oxygen delivery (DO2) during CPB is primarily determined by which factors?
• CaO2 includes a dissolved oxygen component proportional to PaO2; which part corresponds to dissolved O2?
• What waiting period is required after gas sterilization before use?
• When are serum glucose levels the highest?
• Which approach best minimizes CPB-related inflammation and edema?
• Which statement about pulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass is most accurate?
• Type O blood contains what?
• What is the maximum electrical leakage allowable?
• Halothane is known to cause which myocardial effect?
• Which statement about crystalloid versus blood cardioplegia volumes is true?
• Which procedure corrects acidic cor pulmonale?
• Severe hypoglycemia in children can lead to damage of which organ?
• What is considered a normal value for mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2)?
• Which action is NOT part of the recommended management of intraoperative air embolism on CPB?
• Why is lactate normalization considered a marker of adequate tissue perfusion after CPB?
• Why are PBSE practice cards valuable for perfusionists?
• What is CvO2 and why is it important in CPB?
• Alpha stat usage statement
• Which drug shown to protect the brain from CPB ischemia?
• Which statement is true regarding chlorpromazine's effect on CPB vascular tone?
• Hetastarch (Hespan) is used to prevent third spacing. Which option best describes its use?
• Insulin is secreted by which cells?
• Describe the function of a membrane oxygenator in CPB.
• How does Amicar work?
• Which statement best describes how lactate levels are used during CPB?
• What is the main factor in the control cerebral blood flow?
• What are the recommended flows for neoECMO?
• What is the typical target hematocrit during CPB and why?
• What are common etiologies of postoperative bleeding after CPB and how are they mitigated?
• Which cells secrete insulin?
• Cell bodies of ganglionic neurons found in clusters are what?
• Which venting approach is used to reduce embolic risk during deairing at the end of CPB?
• Which agent is commonly used to mitigate postoperative coagulopathy after CPB?
• If CaO2 is 20 ml/dL and CvO2 is 15 ml/dL, what is the oxygen extraction ratio (OER)?
• What is used to treat methemoglobinemia (increased metHB -doesn't bind O2)
• What is the role of potassium concentration in cardioplegia solutions?
• Innovar is a combination of which two agents?
• Which part of the brain controls temperature?
• Which option correctly states the formula for systemic oxygen delivery (DO2) and the meaning of CaO2?
• Cardiologist washout takes place where?
• What is the purpose of selective cerebral perfusion during CPB?
• Isotonic solutions are which of the following?
• Which term describes an organism that maintains a constant body temperature?
• Amicar mechanism: Inhibits conversion of plasminogen to plasmin
• Which statement about retrograde autologous priming (RAP) is true?
• Which observation is not observed with femoral arterial dissection?
• True or False: D5W is isotonic in the container but becomes hypotonic after metabolism.
• Intraoperative assessment of oxygen delivery (DO2) during CPB is primarily done by which approach?
• Which factors influence the rate of rewarming after CPB?
• What is a general approach to maintaining renal perfusion during CPB?
• Rh system is tested in presence of
• What is ultrafiltration during CPB and its intended benefits?
• Which of the following is a calcium channel blocker?
• What is observed when the carotid artery is pressed?
• When reversing 150 units of heparin using a ratio of 1 mg per 100 units, how many milligrams of protamine are needed?
• Exposure to a hyperbaric chamber can lead to which major CNS complication?
• Ebstein's anomaly is not associated with which condition?
• How does hematocrit influence oxygen delivery and tissue perfusion during CPB?
• Intraoperative DO2 calculation, which components define the primary formula?
• What strategies are used to improve brain protection during CPB?
• What monitoring is essential for cerebral protection during CPB?
• Acid is there a proton donor (H+)?
• Ketoacidosis occurs with the deficiency of which hormone?
• What is the role of selective cerebral perfusion during DHCA?
• Which plasma protein is the least abundant under normal conditions?
• What is the maximum oral dose of digoxin?
• A low mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) during or after CPB most likely indicates what?
• Improperly placed venous cannula blocks which vessel?
• Fentanyl potency relative to morphine?
• Additive that chelates calcium in banked blood is which?
• What is the oxygen extraction ratio (OER) and how is it calculated?
• During complete cardiopulmonary bypass, intercardiac return primarily comes from which venous source?
• What other abnormality must be present with pulmonary atresia?
• Where is the AV node located?
• Which agent is used to reverse heparin anticoagulation?
• What is the purpose of retrograde autologous priming (RAP) and how does it affect hematocrit?
• What is the overall purpose of CPB during cardiac surgery as reflected in perfusion practice?
• What are common CPB prime components and their acid-base implications?
• Which statement about ultrafiltration during CPB is accurate?
• Which parameter is the primary driver for cerebral blood flow among the following options?
• What are common risks associated with protamine administration after CPB?
• Stimulation of the carotid sinus triggers which response?
• How does CPB circuitry influence microcirculatory flow and tissue oxygenation?
• In the described oxygen transfer system, the maximum oxygen transfer rate is measured as what percentage by volume?
• Prostaglandins are used for what purpose?
• Acute Aneurysm (dissection) mimics which cardiac event?
• The Triangle of Koch is a landmark within which heart chamber?
• What type of abnormality is the endocardial cushion defect type III?
• How is an intraoperative air embolism detected and managed on CPB?
• The dominant side of the coronary system is determined by which artery?
• Compare cold blood cardioplegia with crystalloid cardioplegia.
• During citrate anticoagulation, ionized calcium levels are typically:
• How does CPB influence postoperative renal function risk?
• Which artery supplies the lower two-thirds of the spinal cord?
• What happens if you cool a patient too quickly?
• An underocclusive pump head will cause which issue?
• If you observe a large amount of LV vent return, what should you consider?
• What is the oxygen extraction fraction commonly used in CPB calculations?
• What percent of cardiac output goes to the coronaries?
• When citrate is present in the circuit, which ion should be monitored?
• Pressure drop is in what proportion to tubing length?
• What is the typical intraoperative Hb threshold for transfusion decisions based on DO2 and Hb?
• Leukocytes are ____ compared to platelets.
• The arterial supply to the lower two-thirds of the spinal cord comes primarily from which artery?
• Calcium binds to ______ in banked blood, reducing calcium levels in the blood.
• What method is used to measure brain temperature?
• The maximum oral dose of digoxin is expressed in which unit?
• Which statement correctly describes atropine?
• Under which condition is myocardial oxygen consumption highest?
• What would not affect pulsation flow on a roller pump?
• During CPB, the main source of mediastinal blood is which?
• In fetal development the IVC is the continuation of which vessel?
• In CPB, which parameter best indicates adequacy of tissue perfusion during pump run?
• Pentothal is used during CPB for what purpose?
• Which drug used on CPB provides cerebral protection against ischemia and is listed in the material?
• What is the most common vascular ring?
• Trimetaphan (Arfonad) works by direct:
• What acid-base change is commonly associated with CPB priming using crystalloids?
• Ketoacidosis results from deficiency of which hormone?
• Pulmonary stenosis is most commonly found in which anatomical region?
• Which equation represents the Fick relationship for oxygen consumption?
• Insulin-secreting cells are located in the pancreas; which tissue contains them?
• What is the purpose of leukocyte-depleted or heparin-coated circuits during CPB?
• What does a SvO2 trending toward baseline after CPB indicate?
• Trimetaphan's mechanism: direct
• What measures prevent circuit air entrainment during CPB setup?
• Acute renal failure will not be caused by which condition?
• Normal serum osmolarity is approximately:
• Time to drain a reservoir with flow 4.5 L/min and volume 900 mL?